<?php
/**
* SeekQuarry/Yioop --
* Open Source Pure PHP Search Engine, Crawler, and Indexer
*
* Copyright (C) 2009 - 2026 Chris Pollett chris@pollett.org
*
* LICENSE:
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
* @author Chris Pollett chris@pollett.org
* @license https://www.gnu.org/licenses/ GPL3
* @link https://www.seekquarry.com/
* @copyright 2009 - 2026
* @filesource
*/
namespace seekquarry\yioop\locale\es\resources;
use seekquarry\yioop\library as L;
/**
* Spanish specific tokenization code. Typically, tokenizer.php
* either contains a stemmer for the language in question or
* it specifies how many characters in a char gram
*
* This class has a collection of methods for Spanish locale specific
* tokenization. In particular, it has a stemmer, a stop word remover (for
* use mainly in word cloud creation). The stemmer is my stab at re-implementing
* the stemmer algorithm given at http://snowball.tartarus.org
* Here given a word, its stem is that part of the word that
* is common to all its inflected variants. For example,
* tall is common to tall, taller, tallest. A stemmer takes
* a word and tries to produce its stem.
*
* @author Chris Pollett
*/
class Tokenizer
{
/**
* Words we don't want to be stemmed
* @var array
*/
public static $no_stem_list = [];
/**
* A list of frequently occurring terms for this locale which should
* be excluded from certain kinds of queries
* @var array
*/
public static $stop_words = ["de", "la", "que", "el","en", "y", "a", "los",
"del", "se", "las", "por", "un", "para", "con", "no", "una",
"su", "al", "lo", "como", "más", "pero", "sus", "le", "ya", "o",
"este", "sí", "porque", "esta", "entre", "cuando", "muy", "sin",
"sobre", "también", "me", "hasta",
"hay", "donde", "quien", "desde",
"todo", "nos", "durante", "todos", "uno", "les", "ni", "contra",
"otros", "ese", "eso", "ante", "ellos", "e", "esto", "mí", "antes",
"algunos", "qué", "unos", "yo", "otro", "otras", "otra", "él",
"tanto", "esa", "estos", "mucho", "quienes", "nada", "muchos",
"cual", "poco", "ella", "estar", "estas", "algunas", "algo",
"nosotros", "mi", "mis", "tú", "te", "ti", "tu", "tus", "ellas",
"nosotras", "vosotros", "vosotras", "os", "mío", "mía", "míos",
"mías", "tuyo", "tuya", "tuyos", "tuyas", "suyo", "suya", "suyos",
"suyas", "nuestro", "nuestra", "nuestros", "nuestras", "vuestro",
"vuestra", "vuestros", "vuestras", "esos", "esas", "estoy",
"estás", "está", "estamos", "estáis",
"están", "esté", "estés",
"estemos", "estéis", "estén", "estaré", "estarás", "estará",
"estaremos", "estaréis", "estarán", "estaría", "estarías",
"estaríamos", "estaríais", "estarían", "estaba", "estabas",
"estábamos", "estabais", "estaban", "estuve", "estuviste",
"estuvo", "estuvimos", "estuvisteis", "estuvieron", "estuviera",
"estuvieras", "estuviéramos", "estuvierais", "estuvieran",
"estuviese", "estuvieses", "estuviésemos", "estuvieseis",
"estuviesen", "estando", "estado", "estada", "estados", "estadas",
"estad", "he", "has", "ha", "hemos", "habéis", "han", "haya",
"hayas", "hayamos", "hayáis", "hayan",
"habré", "habrás", "habrá",
"habremos", "habréis", "habrán",
"habría", "habrías", "habríamos",
"habríais", "habrían", "había",
"habías", "habíamos", "habíais", 'http', 'https',
"habían", "hube", "hubiste", "hubo", "hubimos", "hubisteis",
"hubieron", "hubiera", "hubieras", "hubiéramos", "hubierais",
"hubieran", "hubiese", "hubieses", "hubiésemos", "hubieseis",
"hubiesen", "habiendo", "habido", "habida", "habidos", "habidas",
"soy", "eres", "es", "somos", "sois", "son", "sea", "seas",
"seamos", "seáis", "sean", "seré", "serás", "será", "seremos",
"seréis", "serán", "sería", "serías", "seríamos", "seríais",
"serían", "era", "eras", "éramos",
"erais", "eran", "fui", "fuiste",
"fue", "fuimos", "fuisteis", "fueron", "fuera", "fueras",
"fuéramos", "fuerais", "fueran", "fuese", "fueses", "fuésemos",
"fueseis", "fuesen", "siendo", "sido", "sed", "tengo", "tienes",
"tiene", "tenemos", "tenéis", "tienen", "tenga", "tengas",
"tengamos", "tengáis", "tengan", "tendré", "tendrás", "tendrá",
"tendremos", "tendréis", "tendrán", "tendría", "tendrías",
"tendríamos", "tendríais", "tendrían", "tenía", "tenías",
"teníamos", "teníais", "tenían", "tuve", "tuviste", "tuvo",
"tuvimos", "tuvisteis", "tuvieron", "tuviera", "tuvieras",
"tuviéramos", "tuvierais", "tuvieran", "tuviese", "tuvieses",
"tuviésemos", "tuvieseis", "tuviesen", "teniendo", "tenido",
"tenida", "tenidos", "tenidas", "tened"];
/**
* Spanish vowels
* @var string
*/
private static $vowel = 'aeiouáéíóúü';
/**
* Storage used in computing the stem
* @var string
*/
private static $buffer = "";
/**
* $rv is approximately the string after the first vowel in the $word we
* want to stem
* @var string
*/
private static $rv;
/**
* Position in $word to stem of $rv
* @var int
*/
private static $rv_index;
/**
* $r1 is the region after the first non-vowel following a vowel, or the end
* of the word if there is no such non-vowel.
* @var string
*/
private static $r1;
/**
* Position in $word to stem of $r1
* @var int
*/
private static $r1_index;
/**
* $r2 is the region after the first non-vowel following a vowel in $r1, or
* the end of the word if there is no such non-vowel
* @var string
*/
private static $r2;
/**
* Position in $word to stem of $r2
* @var int
*/
private static $r2_index;
/**
* Stub function which could be used for a word segmenter.
* Such a segmenter on input thisisabunchofwords would output
* this is a bunch of words
*
* @param string $pre_segment before segmentation
* @return string should return string with words separated by space
* in this case does nothing
*/
public static function segment($pre_segment)
{
return $pre_segment;
}
/**
* Removes the stop words from the page (used for Word Cloud generation)
*
* @param mixed $data either a string or an array of string to remove
* stop words from
* @return mixed $data with no stop words
*/
public static function stopwordsRemover($data)
{
static $pattern = "";
if (empty($pattern)) {
$pattern = '/\b(' . implode('|', self::$stop_words) . ')\b/u';
}
$data = preg_replace($pattern, '', $data);
return $data;
}
/**
* Computes the stem of a French word
*
* @param string $word the string to stem
* @return string the stem of $words
*/
public static function stem($word)
{
if (empty($word) || in_array($word, self::$no_stem_list)) {
return $word ?? "";
}
self::$buffer = mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8");
self::computeRegions();
self::step0(); // attached pronoun
$before_step1 = self::$buffer;
self::step1(); //suffix removal
if ($before_step1 == self::$buffer) {
self::step2a(); //verb suffixes beginning with y
if ($before_step1 == self::$buffer) {
self::step2b(); //other verb suffixes
}
}
self::step3();
self::removeAccents();
return self::$buffer;
}
/**
* This computes the three regions of the word rv, r1, and r2 used in the
* rest of the stemmer
* $rv is defined as follows: If the second letter is a consonant,
* $rv is the region after the next following vowel, or if the first two
* letters are vowels, RV is the region after the next consonant,
* and otherwise (consonant-vowel case) RV is the region after the third
* letter. But RV is the end of the word if these positions cannot be
* found.
* $r1 is the region after the first non-vowel following a vowel, or the end
* of the word if there is no such non-vowel.
* $r2 is the region after the first non-vowel following a vowel in $r1, or
* the end of the word if there is no such non-vowel
*/
private static function computeRegions()
{
$word = self::$buffer;
$vowel = static::$vowel;
self::$rv_index = -1;
$start_letters = mb_substr($word, 0, 2, 'UTF-8');
$second_letter = mb_substr($word, 1, 1, 'UTF-8');
$len_start = strlen($start_letters);
if (($loc = L\preg_search("/[^$vowel]/u", $second_letter)) != -1) {
self::$rv_index = L\preg_search("/[$vowel]/", $word, $len_start);
} else if (($loc = L\preg_search("/^[$vowel]{2}/u", $word)) != -1) {
$tmp = strlen(mb_substr($word, 0, 2));
$loc += $tmp;
self::$rv_index = max(L\preg_search("/[^$vowel]/u", $word, $loc),
$tmp);
} else {
if (strlen($word) >= 3) {
self::$rv_index = strlen(mb_substr($word, 0, 2, "UTF-8"));
}
}
preg_match("/[$vowel][^$vowel]/u", $word, $matches,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
self::$r1 = "";
$len = strlen($word);
self::$r1_index = isset($matches[0][1]) ? $matches[0][1] +
strlen(mb_substr($word,$matches[0][1], 2, 'UTF-8')) : $len;
if (self::$r1_index != $len) {
self::$r1 = substr($word, self::$r1_index);
}
if (self::$r1_index != $len) {
preg_match("/[$vowel][^$vowel]/u", self::$r1, $matches,
PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
self::$r2_index = isset($matches[0][1]) ? $matches[0][1] +
strlen(mb_substr(self::$r1, $matches[0][1], 2, 'UTF-8')) : $len;
if (self::$r2_index != $len) {
self::$r2 = substr(self::$r1, self::$r2_index);
self::$r2_index += self::$r1_index;
}
}
if (self::$r1_index != $len && self::$r1_index < 3) {
self::$r1_index = 3;
self::$r1 = substr($word, 3);
}
}
/**
* Remove attached pronouns
*/
private static function step0()
{
$word = self::$buffer;
$rv_index = self::$rv_index;
$first_char_len = max(strlen(mb_substr(substr($word, $rv_index), 0, 1,
"UTF-8")), 1);
$end_pattern =
'(me|se|sela|selo|selas|selos|la|le|lo|las|les|los|nos)$/u';
$start = "/(iéndo|ándo|ár|ér|ír)";
$new_word = L\preg_offset_replace($start . $end_pattern, '$1', $word,
$rv_index + $first_char_len) ?? "";
if ($new_word != $word) {
$word = preg_replace(array('/iéndo$/u', '/ándo$/u', '/ár$/u',
'/ér$/u', '/ír$/u'), ['iendo', 'ando', 'ar', 'er', 'ir'],
$new_word) ?? "";
} else {
$start = "/(iendo|ando|ar|er|ir)";
$word = L\preg_offset_replace($start . $end_pattern, '$1',
$word, $rv_index + $first_char_len) ?? "";
$start = "/uyendo";
$word = L\preg_offset_replace($start . $end_pattern, '$1',
$word, $rv_index + $first_char_len) ?? "";
}
self::$buffer = $word;
}
/**
* Standard suffix removal
*/
private static function step1()
{
$word = self::$buffer ?? "";
$rv_index = self::$rv_index ?? 0;
$r1_index = self::$r1_index ?? 0;
$r2_index = self::$r2_index ?? 0;
$r2_char_len = strlen(mb_substr($word, $r2_index, 1, "UTF-8"));
$r1_char_len = strlen(mb_substr($word, $r1_index, 1, "UTF-8"));
if (L\preg_search('/amente$/u', $word, $r2_index + $r2_char_len) != -1){
$word = L\preg_offset_replace('/((((at)?iv)?)|'.
'(oc|ic|ad)?)amente$/u', '',
$word, $r1_index + $r1_char_len) ?? "";
if ($word == self::$buffer) {
$word = preg_replace('/amente$/u', '', $word) ?? "";
}
} else if (L\preg_search('/amente$/u', $word, $r1_index) != -1) {
$word = preg_replace('/amente$/u', '', $word);
} else {
$word = L\preg_offset_replace('/logía(s)?$/u', 'log', $word,
$r2_index) ?? "";
$word = L\preg_offset_replace('/(ución|uciones)$/u', 'u', $word,
$r2_index) ?? "";
$word = L\preg_offset_replace('/(encia|encias)$/u', 'ente', $word,
$r2_index) ?? "";
if ($word == self::$buffer) {
$patterns = [
'/(anza|anzas|ico|ica|icos|icas|ismo|ismos|able|'.
'ables|ible|ibles|ista|istas|oso|osa|osos|osas|amiento|'.
'amientos|imiento|imientos)$/u',
'/(ic)?(adora|ador|ación|adoras|'.
'adores|aciones|ante|antes|'.
'ancia|ancias)$/u',
'/(ante|able|ible)?mente$/u',
'/(abil|ic|iv)?(idad|idades)$/u',
'/(at)?(iva|ivo|ivas|ivos)$/u'
];
$original = $word;
foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
$word = L\preg_offset_replace($pattern, '', $word,
$r2_index) ?? "";
if ($word != $original) {
break;
}
}
}
}
self::$buffer = $word;
}
/**
* Stem verb suffixes beginning y
*/
private static function step2a()
{
$word = self::$buffer;
$rv_index = self::$rv_index ?? 0;
if (L\preg_search(
'/u(ya|ye|yan|yen|yeron|yendo|yo|yó|yas|yes|yais|yamos)$/u', $word,
$rv_index) != -1) {
self::$buffer = preg_replace(
'/(ya|ye|yan|yen|yeron|yendo|yo|yó|yas|yes|yais|yamos)$/u', '',
$word);
}
}
/**
* Stem other verb suffixes
*/
private static function step2b()
{
$word = self::$buffer;
$rv_index = self::$rv_index ?? 0;
$first_char_len = max(strlen(mb_substr(substr($word, $rv_index), 0, 1,
"UTF-8")), 1);
$pattern = '/(aríamos|eríamos|iríamos|'.
'iéramos|iésemos|aremos|áramos|' .
'ábamos|ásemos|eremos|iremos|aríais|' .
'asteis|eríais|arían|arías|' .
'erían|erías|ierais|ieseis|isteis|' .
'iríais|irían|irías|aseis|aréis|'.
'abais|arais|eréis|íamos|iendo|ieran|' .
'ieras|ieses|iréis|ieron|iesen' .
'|aban|abas|adas|ados|amos|ando|aran|' .
'arán|aras|arás|aron|asen|ases' .
'|erán|irán|erás|irás|iese|' .
'(er|ar|ir)?ía|aste|íais|idas|idos|imos'.
'|iste|iera|áis|ará|aré|erá|eré|ías|' .
'irá|iré|aba|ada|ado|ara|ase'.
'|(í)?an|ida|ido|ad|ed|id|ió|ar|er|ir|as|ís)$/u';
if (L\preg_search($pattern, $word, $rv_index + $first_char_len) != -1 ){
$word = L\preg_offset_replace($pattern, '', $word, $rv_index +
$first_char_len);
} else if (L\preg_search('/gu(en|es|éis|emos)$/u', $word, $rv_index -
$first_char_len)
!= -1) {
$word = preg_replace('/u(en|es|éis|emos)$/u', '', $word);
} else if (L\preg_search('/(en|es|éis|emos)$/u', $word, $rv_index +
$first_char_len) != -1){
$word = preg_replace('/(en|es|éis|emos)$/u', '', $word);
}
self::$buffer = $word;
}
/**
* Delete residual suffixes
*/
private static function step3()
{
$word = self::$buffer;
$rv_index = self::$rv_index ?? 0;
$first_char_len = max(strlen(mb_substr(substr($word, $rv_index), 0, 1,
"UTF-8")), 1);
if (L\preg_search('/(os|a|o|á|í|ó)$/u', $word, $rv_index
+ $first_char_len) != -1) {
$word = L\preg_offset_replace('/(os|a|o|á|í|ó)$/u', '', $word,
$rv_index + $first_char_len);
} else if (($loc = L\preg_search('/gu(e|é)$/u', $word)) != -1 &&
$loc >= $rv_index - 1) {
$word = preg_replace('/u(e|é)$/u', '', $word);
} else if (($loc = L\preg_search('/(e|é)$/u', $word, $rv_index +
$first_char_len)) !=-1){
$word = preg_replace('/(e|é)$/u', '', $word);
}
self::$buffer = $word;
}
/**
* Un-accent end
*/
private static function removeAccents()
{
$vowel = static::$vowel;
self::$buffer = preg_replace(array('/á/u', '/é/u',
'/í/u', '/ó/u', '/ú/u'), ['a','e','i', 'o','u'],
self::$buffer);
}
}
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